Hadoop Interview Questions

On What Concept The Hadoop Framework Works?
It works on MapReduce, and it is devised by the Google.

What Is Mapreduce?
Map reduce is an algorithm or concept to process Huge amount of data in a faster way. As per its name you can divide it Map and Reduce.

The main MapReduce job usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks. (Big data sets in the multiple small datasets)
MapTask: will process these chunks in a completely parallel manner (One node can process one or more chunks).The framework sorts the outputs of the maps.
Reduce Task : And the above output will be the input for the reducetasks, produces the final result.
Your business logic would be written in the MappedTask and ReducedTask. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system (Not database). The framework takes care of scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks

What Is Compute And Storage Nodes?
Compute Node: This is the computer or machine where your actual business logic will be executed.

torage Node: This is the computer or machine where your file system reside to store the processing data.

In most of the cases compute node and storage node would be the same machine.

How Does Master Slave Architecture In The Hadoop?
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master JobTracker and multiple slaves, each cluster-node will have one TaskTracker. The master is responsible for scheduling the jobs’ component tasks on the slaves, monitoring them and re-executing the failed tasks. The slaves execute the tasks as directed by the master.

How Does An Hadoop Application Look Like Or Their Basic Components?
Minimally an Hadoop application would have following components.

Input location of data
Output location of processed data.
A map task.
A reduced task.
Job configuration
The Hadoop job client then submits the job (jar/executable etc.) and configuration to the JobTracker which then assumes the responsibility of distributing the software / configuration to the slaves, scheduling tasks and monitoring them, providing status and diagnostic information to the job-client.

Explain How Input And Output Data Format Of The Hadoop Framework?
The MapReduce framework operates exclusively on pairs, that is, the framework views the input to the job as a set of pairs and produces a set of pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of different types.

See the flow mentioned below

(input) -> map -> -> combine/sorting -> -> reduce -> (output)

What Are The Restriction To The Key And Value Class ?
he key and value classes have to be serialized by the framework. To make them serializable Hadoop provides a Writable interface. As you know from the java itself that the key of the Map should be comparable, hence the key has to implement one more interface Writable Comparable.

Explain The Wordcount Implementation Via Hadoop Framework ?
We will count the words in all the input file flow as below

input Assume there are two files each having a sentence Hello World Hello World (In file 1) Hello World Hello World (In file 2)
Mapper : There would be each mapper for the a file For the given sample input the first map output:
< Hello, 1>
< World, 1>
< Hello, 1>
< World, 1>

The second map output:

< Hello, 1>
< World, 1>
< Hello, 1>
< World, 1>

Combiner/Sorting (This is done for each individual map) So output looks like this The output of the first map:
< Hello, 2>
< World, 2>

The output of the second map:

< Hello, 2>
< World, 2>

Reducer : It sums up the above output and generates the output as below
< Hello, 4>
< World, 4>

Output

Final output would look like

Hello 4 times
World 4 times

Which Interface Needs To Be Implemented To Create Mapper And Reducer For The Hadoop?
org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper
org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer

What Mapper Does?
Maps are the individual tasks that transform input records into intermediate records. The transformed intermediate records do not need to be of the same type as the input records. A given input pair may map to zero or many output pairs.

What Is The Inputsplit In Map Reduce Software?
An InputSplit is a logical representation of a unit (A chunk) of input work for a map task; e.g., a file name and a byte range within that file to process or a row set in a text file.

What Is The Inputformat ?
The InputFormat is responsible for enumerate (itemise) the InputSplits, and producing a RecordReader which will turn those logical work units into actual physical input records.

Where Do You Specify The Mapper Implementation?
Generally mapper implementation is specified in the Job itself.

How Mapper Is Instantiated In A Running Job?
The Mapper itself is instantiated in the running job, and will be passed a MapContext object which it can use to configure itself.

Which Are The Methods In The Mapper Interface?
The Mapper contains the run() method, which call its own setup() method only once, it also call a map() method for each input and finally calls it cleanup() method. All above methods you can override in your code.

What Happens If You Don’t Override The Mapper Methods And Keep Them As It Is?
If you do not override any methods (leaving even map as-is), it will act as the identity function, emitting each input record as a separate output.

What Is The Use Of Context Object?
The Context object allows the mapper to interact with the rest of the Hadoop system. It Includes configuration data for the job, as well as interfaces which allow it to emit output.

How Can You Add The Arbitrary Key-value Pairs In Your Mapper?
You can set arbitrary (key, value) pairs of configuration data in your Job, e.g. with
Job.getConfiguration().set(“myKey”, “myVal”), and then retrieve this data in your mapper with
Context.getConfiguration().get(“myKey”). This kind of functionality is typically done in the Mapper’s setup() method.

How Does Mapper’s Run() Method Works?
The Mapper.run() method then calls map(KeyInType, ValInType, Context) for each key/value pair in the InputSplit for that task

Which Object Can Be Used To Get The Progress Of A Particular Job ?
Context

Leave a Reply